A variety of different sports run competitions in such a way.
Golf
The PGA Tour is a series of golf tournaments, each one deciding a final rank for which points are assigned. These points are aggregated over the season; results from one tournament do not affect scores in another except to the extent that a player's aggregate score may determine whether they can gain entry to the event.
Toward the end of a season, the top band of players ranked by aggregate score are invited to further tournaments, at which their scores are reset according to a formula, and the process of aggregation continues. This culminates in a final tournament at which a cup is awarded and additional prize money given.
This may be directly compared with the auto-racing season: each individual tries to finish a fixed number of "laps" (the course) with the "quickest time" ( lowest number of shots). Points are given based on ascending order.
Rugby 7s
The World Rugby Sevens Series are held across two calendar years (so that the previous series was 2016-17 and the upcoming series is 2017-18, for example).
Each of the ten tournaments in the series includes sixteen teams (men) or twelve teams (women). Each tournament has a classic pool-advance-to-knockouts structure.
Final placings in the tournament are assigned points according to a fixed table. These points are aggregated over a series and the team with the highest aggregate is the winner of the series.
Surfing
The World Surf League holds a tour of events at which surfers are rated on various aspects of their performance. Several preliminary rounds determine quarterfinal places, from which the event proceeds as a knockout bracket.
Surfers are awarded points according to a schedule, based on their placing at the event. A notable change is the award of points for being injured during the event. Points are aggregated over all tours with each surfer's worst two results (out of eleven events) being discarded. The surfer with the highest remaining aggregate is the champion.